Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia, represent a global public health issue and are the leading cause of maternal mortality in Brazil, accounting for 20% of maternal deaths. Despite advancements in prevention, disparities persist, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where calcium intake is often below recommended levels. This article reviews the evidence supporting calcium supplementation as an effective strategy for preventing preeclampsia, with benefits extending beyond blood pressure control. Systematic review data from the Cochrane Library highlight a reduction in preeclampsia, maternal morbidity, and preterm birth among women who supplement and have low calcium intake. However, recent debates have questioned the universality of this recommendation, suggesting supplementation only for high-risk pregnancies. These controversies arise from methodological limitations in sensitivity analyses and misinterpretations. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization guidelines advocate calcium supplementation of 1.5-2 g/day for pregnant women in regions with low calcium intake. This recommendation aligns with findings demonstrating improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, emphasizing the need for widespread implementation. Urgent national policies in Brazil are required to ensure equitable access to calcium, particularly given the high prevalence of preeclampsia and maternal mortality.

Palavras-chave: High-risk pregnancy, Calcium, Preeclampsia, Maternal mortality, Public health

OBJECTIVES: the objective this study was evaluating the prevalence of maternal colonization by Group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women who delivered preterm and its relationship with adverse maternal/perinatal outcomes.
METHODS: we carried out a retrospective cohort study with singleton pregnancies with or without a culture for GBS (vaginal-rectum) who delivered spontaneously <37 weeks of gestation.
RESULTS: the study included 190 pregnant women, 53.1% (101/190) did not undergo culture for GBS and 46.8% (89/101) have done. Among the patients who had a culture, 13.5% (12/89) had positive culture for GBS and 86.5% (77/89) had a negative culture. Pregnant women without GBS culture had higher prevalence of preterm birth (74.3 vs. 59.6%, p=0.031) and lower prevalence of antibiotic prophylaxis (27.7 vs. 56.2%, p<0.001) than pregnant women with GBS culture. Higher prevalence of crystalline penicillin G use was observed in pregnant women with positive culture compared to pregnant women with negative culture for GBS (100 vs. 39%, p<0.0001). There was no significant association between pregnant women with or without a culture for GBS or positive and negative GBS cultures and adverse maternal/perinatal outcomes.
CONCLUSION: No significant association was found between GBS culture or not, GBS positive or negative culture, adequate or inadequate GBS prophylaxis, and the prevalence of adverse maternal/perinatal outcomes.

Palavras-chave: Group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Screening, Preterm delivery, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Adverse maternal/perinatal outcomes